Eczema is the condition can cuse the skin to become bumpy, red, itchy and extremely dry. In more extreme cases, blisters may form and the skin may peel. this can affect any part of the body.
By Able Health I Medically reviewed by Dr. Alireza Estedlal
Page last reviewed: February 2024 I Next review due: February 2026
Different types of Eczema
The two most common forms of eczema are:
Atopic dermatitis - This is the most common type of Eczema, usually found in the creases of the knee or elbow.
Contact dermatitis - This occurs when the skin is exposed to a substance that causes irritation and inflammation.
Symptoms
Common symptoms of Eczema are:
Swelling or hives on the skin
Crusty, scaly and flaky skin
Skin rash
Itchy skin
Dry skin
What does it look like?
Eczema presents differently on every person. Those with dark tone may notice a grey, brown and purple rash. Whereas those with light skin may notice a rash that appears purple, red and pink.
Causes
Some of the main causes of eczema include:
Overactive Immune system- Exposure to any allergens or irritants in the environment can cause inflammation and rashes.
Genetics- If anyone has a family history of allergies, hay fever or eczema then you are at at a higher likelyhood of contracting Eczema
Environment- Certain environmental elements can cause skin irritation like wool, harsh soaps, air pollutants and smoke. Even dry air can cause dry and itchy skin.
Emotional triggers- Mental health may affect the skin quality and health.
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Several steps are there to prevent the flare-ups of eczema including:
Regular moisturising the skin when it becomes dry
Stay hydrated by drinking water
Put on loose clothes made from natural fibres
Control your stress and emotions
Use air humidifier
Avoid know irritants
Diagnosis
On visiting your healthcare provider, they will diagnose the condition with a physical exam. Other tests which may be necessary for diagnosis are:
Allergy test
Blood test to confirm that rashes are not related to dermatitis
Skin biopsy helps in distinguishing what kind of dermatitis it may be
Treatments
Medications- Corticosteroids creams and ointments will help to reduce inflammation. You may require antibiotics.
Eczema cream- Some creams are available over the counter for eczema prone skin with lots of oil to keep the skin moisturised.
Can Eczema be cured?
Eczema cannot be cured. However, effective treatment options are there for managing symptoms. You need to consult with the dermatologist for the most suitable treatment for you.
When to visit a doctor
You should visit the doctor if:
There is itchy rash on the skin
The symptoms appear for a long time
If there is history of atopic eczema in your family
