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Dysuria refers to a feeling of pain or burning when urinating. While anyone can experience painful urination at any age, the condition is more prevalent among women. Urinary tract infections are often linked with dysuria. Treatment usually varies based on the actual cause and includes antibiotics, avoiding irritants, or addressing underlying health conditions.
By Able Health I Medically reviewed by Dr. Alireza Estedlal
Page last reviewed: February 2024 I Next review due: February 2026
Dysuria is the discomfort or pain that occurs during urination, often described as a burning sensation. This condition is not generally related to urinary frequency, although the two can occur simultaneously. Painful urination isn’t a diagnosis in itself but rather an indication of an underlying medical condition.
Both women and men can experience dysuria regardless of age, though it is more prevalent in women. Painful urination is usually associated with urinary tract infections (UTIs), which are common in females. Individuals more likely to develop dysuria include:
While symptoms can vary between genders, both men and women often report a stinging, burning, or itching sensation, with burning being a commonly experienced symptom. Pain can occur at the beginning or after urination. Pain at the start of urination is often a sign of a UTI, whereas pain after urination might indicate an issue with the prostate or bladder. In men, the pain can also persist in the penis before and after urination.
In women, symptoms can be either internal or external. External pain in the vaginal area might be due to irritation or inflammation of the sensitive skin, while internal pain could suggest a urinary tract infection.
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There are several causes of painful urination, and sometimes medical providers cannot determine the exact cause.
In women, dysuria may be caused by:
Other causes of inflammation include sexual intercourse, soaps, douches, scented toilet paper, spermicides, or contraceptive sponges.
In men, painful urination may be caused by:
In both men and women, painful urination can occur due to sexually transmitted infections (STIs) or medication side effects. Chemotherapy or radiation to the pelvic area can inflame the bladder, leading to painful urination.
You should seek medical attention if you experience burning or discomfort during urination, as dysuria can signal a medical issue requiring immediate treatment. The healthcare provider will diagnose the condition by reviewing your medical history and asking about past and present health issues, such as diabetes mellitus or other immunodeficiency disorders. They may also inquire about your sexual history to determine if an STI might be causing the pain.
STI screening tests may be ordered, especially if there is discharge from the vagina in women or from the penis in men. A pregnancy test might be necessary for women of childbearing age. Additionally, the doctor will ask about prescribed and over-the-counter medications you are currently using and any home remedies you may have tried.
A clean catch urine sample will be obtained and examined for the presence of red blood cells, white blood cells, or other foreign substances. White blood cells indicate inflammation in the urinary tract. Urine culture can reveal if there is a UTI and identify the bacteria causing it. This information helps the doctor determine the most effective antibiotic treatment. If no symptoms of infection are found in the urine sample, the doctor might recommend further tests to check the prostate or bladder in men. Women may also have swab samples taken from the vagina or urethra to look for signs of infection.
Treatment for dysuria depends on the cause of the burning or pain. The initial step involves determining whether painful urination is due to inflammation, infection, dietary factors, or issues with the prostate or bladder.
Recommended steps to alleviate discomfort include drinking plenty of water and using over-the-counter aids. Prescription medications may be necessary for other treatments. If you experience frequent UTIs, your doctor can help identify the cause.
Dysuria is characterised by a burning sensation and pain or discomfort. Due to its uncomfortable nature, most people who experience painful urination consult their doctor. It is essential to seek medical care to determine if your symptoms are related to a urinary tract infection or other medical conditions. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial.