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Crossbite

A crossbite refers to a dental misalignment where the upper and lower teeth do not align correctly when the jaws are closed. Unlike a normal bite, in which the upper teeth somewhat overlap the lower teeth vertically, a crossbite occurs when a few or all of the upper teeth fit horizontally inside the lower teeth. This oral condition affects both the functionality and aesthetics of a person’s teeth and needs correction to avoid potential dental problems.

By Able Health I Medically reviewed by Dr. Alireza Estedlal

Page last reviewed: February 2024 I Next review due: February 2026

Types of Crossbites

The two major forms of crossbites are:

  • Anterior crossbite: In this type, the upper front teeth are positioned behind the lower front teeth when the jaws are closed.
  • Posterior crossbite: In this type, the upper teeth on one side of the mouth fit inside the lower teeth on the same side. This usually occurs at the back of the mouth.

Causes of Crossbite

Some factors that can contribute to crossbites include:

  • Genetics: A family history of dental misalignment increases the risk of developing crossbites.
  • Abnormal tooth eruption: Permanent teeth that fail to erupt in their correct positions can cause crossbites.
  • Thumb-sucking: Prolonged thumb-sucking or pacifier use can affect teeth alignment.
  • Mouth breathing: Breathing through the mouth rather than the nose can impact tooth positioning.
  • Jaw size and shape: Irregularities in jaw size or shape can result in crossbites.
  • Missing teeth: Spaces from missing teeth can lead to the shifting of neighbouring teeth, causing a crossbite.

Symptoms of Crossbite

Common symptoms associated with a crossbite include:

  • Uneven alignment of the teeth.
  • Increased risk of dental issues, such as temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders, tooth wear, and gum recession.
  • Jaw pain or discomfort.
  • Biting or chewing difficulties.
  • Self-esteem concerns related to the appearance of your teeth.

Diagnosis

A thorough examination by a dentist can detect a crossbite. The examination often includes:

  • A visual assessment of the teeth and bite.
  • X-rays or dental scans to evaluate the position of the jaw and teeth.
  • Dental impressions to create a detailed analysis model.

Treatment for Crossbite

Treatment options for crossbites depend on the severity of the condition and may include:

  • Braces: Traditional braces can be used to address crossbites by gradually moving teeth into the correct positions.
  • Palatal expander: This device can be used to widen a narrow upper jaw.
  • Invisalign: Clear aligners offer a discreet alternative to braces for correcting crossbites.
  • Tooth extraction: In some cases, removing one or more teeth may be recommended to correct a crossbite.
  • Orthognathic surgery: Surgery may be needed to address more complex problems involving jaw irregularities.

Complications

  • Ignoring a crossbite can lead to several complications, such as:
  • Dental wear and tear due to misaligned teeth.
  • TMJ disorders that can trigger headaches and jaw discomfort.
  • A high risk of gum disease and recession.
  • Speech difficulties.
  • Low self-confidence.

Prevention

Although genetics play a significant role in crossbite development, early intervention and preventive measures can be helpful. Consider the following preventive measures:

  • Practising proper dental hygiene and health.
  • Promptly addressing dental issues and misalignments.
  • Encouraging children to stop thumb-sucking or using pacifiers.
  • Scheduling regular check-ups to ensure early detection and intervention.

Addressing crossbites is crucial for achieving a pleasing smile and maintaining optimal dental health. Consult your dentist to determine the most appropriate treatment plan for your specific condition.