Wisdom teeth, which are the third molars located at the back of the mouth, are typically the last set of adult teeth to emerge. Most individuals have four wisdom teeth—two in the upper jaw and two in the lower. When these teeth are impacted, it means they do not have sufficient space to come through normally.
Impacted wisdom teeth are likely to inflict pain, impair adjacent teeth, and cause other dental issues. In some cases, they might not cause immediate problems. However, since cleaning is more challenging,wisdom teeth are at a higher risk of cavities and gum disease compared to other teeth.
Usually, impacted wisdom teeth causingdiscomfort or any other issues are removed. Sometimes, dentists may also recommend removing them even if they are asymptomatic, as a preventive measure against future problems.
By Able Health I Medically reviewed by Dr. Alireza Estedlal
Page last reviewed: February 2024 I Next review due: February 2026
Impacted wisdom teeth do not always present symptoms. However, if an impacted tooth gets infected, destroys adjacent teeth, or results in other dental issues, you might experience the following symptoms:
Wisdom teeth get impacted when there is insufficient space for them to emerge or develop normally.
These teeth typically start coming in at the ageof 17 to 26 years. For some people, wisdom teeth develop at the back of the second molars and align with the rest of the teeth without complications. However, in most situations, the mouth gets overcrowded for the proper emergence of the third molars, leading to impaction.
Whenimpacted teethpartly develop, with part of the crown visible, it is known as a partially impacted wisdom tooth. Conversely, if the tooth does not emerge through the gums, it is referred to as a fully impacted wisdom tooth.
Whether partially or fully impacted, wisdom teeth can:
Factors that are likely to increase the likelihood of impacted wisdom teeth include insufficient space in the mouth or a blockage that prevents the teeth from developing properly.
Impacted wisdom teeth can lead to various oral issues, such as:
An oral surgeon or dentist can examine the mouth and teeth to identify impacted wisdom teeth or other issues contributing to symptoms. This evaluation typically includes:
If impacted wisdom teeth are challenging to manage or if there are underlying health conditions that could increase surgical risks, the dentist may refer you to an oral surgeon. He/she will then discuss the most appropriate treatment options with you.
Dental professionals have differing opinions on whethertoextract impacted teeth that do not cause any symptoms, known as asymptomatic wisdom teeth.
Most experts suggesthaving asymptomatic wisdom teeth removed during the late teen years or in the early twenties. At this stage, there are fewer chances of problems, and the treatment processis generally safer and better endured by young individuals.
Other oral surgeons and dentistsadvise removing wisdom teeth despite the absence of anysymptoms to avoid future problems. Their recommendations are based on:
Conversely, some oral surgeons and dentists suggest a more conventionalmethod, noting that:
With this conservative approach, the dentist will monitor your teeth for signs of cavities, gum disease, and other issues. If problems arise, they may then recommend removing the tooth.
When impacted wisdom teeth are painful or trigger other dental issues, they are often removed through a surgical procedure called extraction. This surgery is generally required for the following reasons:
The extraction of wisdom teeth is usually performedas an outpatient execution, meaning you can return home on that same day. Generally,the removal process involves these steps:
After extraction, you may experience some pain, bleeding, and swelling around the surgical area or jaw. Other individuals may also find it difficult to open their mouth widely for a short period due to inflammation of jaw muscles.
The dental specialist will provide directions on effective ways of caring for surgical cutsas well as pain and inflammation management. This may include taking pain medication and applying ice packs to minimize swelling.
Less frequently, some might experience problems such as:
Although you cannot prevent impaction from occurring, regular dental visits every six months for professional cleanings and check-ups allow your dentist to monitor the development of wisdom teeth. Frequently updated dental X-rays can also reveal impacted wisdom teeth before symptoms arise.
The thought of having your tooth removed can lead to worry or anxiety. Conversely, delaying treatment may result in severe and long-lasting complications. Therefore, it is essential to discuss your concerns with your dentist. Feeling nervous is common and nothing to be ashamed of. Your dentist can also suggest ways to manage your nervousness and discomfort.
Most dentists provide options to help reduce nervousness. They include watching videos or listening to music during the procedure. You can also bring a supportive friend or family member. Additionally, consider relaxation techniques, including imagery and deep breathing. For severe cases of anxiety, you may need to see a dental surgeon who can administer medications or provide sedation methods to lower your anxiety level, making the procedure more comfortable and safer.
Impacted wisdom teeth can lead to various symptoms, such as swelling, an unpleasant taste in the mouth, and pain radiating through the jaw and face.
Extraction of the wisdom tooth is a common oral surgical procedure that helps alleviate these symptoms and minimise the risk of future dental health issues. Discuss with your dentist to determine if this treatment is suitable for you.