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Open Bite

An open bite is a form of malocclusion, or teeth misalignment, where the upper and lower teeth do not come into contact when the mouth is closed, leaving a visible gap. This condition can be either an anterior open bite, occurring at the front of the mouth, or a posterior open bite, occurring at the back.

Open bites can be caused by skeletal problems, thumb sucking or prolonged use of pacifiers during childhood, genetic factors, and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders. Typically, this disorder can result in speech difficulties, problems with biting and chewing, and excessive wear on the remaining teeth that make contact.

By Able Health I Medically reviewed by Dr. Alireza Estedlal

Page last reviewed: February 2024 I Next review due: February 2026

Causes of an Open Bite

An open bite can result from several underlying issues, such as skeletal, soft tissue, or dental problems, and sometimes a combination of these factors.

  • Genetics: Open bite can occur due to skeletal problems that affect bone growth. These issues are hereditary and passed from parent to child.
  • Bad oral habits: Dental causes of an open bite include poor oral habits that affect dental growth, such as tongue-thrusting, thumb-sucking, or lip-sucking.

Additional factors contributing to an open bite include:

  • Trauma to the jaw
  • Poor tongue posture
  • Incorrect swallowing patterns
  • Temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD)
  • Chronic jaw or dental pain

Regardless of the causes of an open bite, an orthodontist can assess the problem and provide an appropriate treatment plan.

Signs and Symptoms of an Open Bite

The most apparent sign of an open bite is the inability to completely close the mouth, resulting in either the front or back teeth of the upper and lower arches not making contact. Additional symptoms of an open bite, along with other teeth misalignments, include:

  • Difficulty chewing or swallowing food
  • A less-pronounced chin
  • An unappealing smile
  • Trouble biting food with the front teeth
  • Improper alignment of the teeth
  • Speech issues, such as a lisp

Diagnosis

If you suspect an open bite, it is important to see a specialist orthodontist who can assess your bite and teeth. They will diagnose the condition by performing dental exams and taking X-rays.

The X-rays allow the orthodontist to view beneath the gum line, assisting in detecting the underlying cause of the open bite. After making the diagnosis, your orthodontist will inform you about treatment options suitable for your situation so you can choose the best approach.

Can an Open Bite Damage Teeth?

Yes, an open bite can lead to several complications affecting the teeth, mouth, and overall health, and it may result in an unattractive smile.

Over time, an open bite can worsen and increase the risk of complications such as periodontitis and excessive wear on the contacting teeth.

Other complications that may arise due to an open bite include:

  • Speech problems like lisping
  • Snoring
  • Difficulty sleeping
  • Gum disease
  • Headaches and earaches
  • Pain or difficulty chewing or biting
  • Temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMD)
  • Cavities due to increased bacterial growth
  • Digestive problems from difficulty chewing
  • Embarrassment or reduced confidence due to an unattractive smile

These complications highlight the importance of addressing an open bite. Children with the condition should be assessed by an orthodontist once their front teeth have fully erupted, typically around the age of 7.

Treatment options for adults, such as braces or Invisalign, often yield excellent results when provided by a qualified orthodontist.

Treatment

How to Correct an Open Bite

During your initial visit, your orthodontist will discuss various treatment options available to correct an open bite. Ensure that you consult a specialist who uses advanced technology for treatment.

Common treatments for correcting an open bite include:

  • Braces: This is an effective and reasonably priced option for correcting an open bite. Braces are effective, easy to maintain, and provide an attractive smile. They are available in ceramic, metal, and lingual types. The diagnosis will determine the most appropriate type of braces to use.
  • Invisalign Clear Aligners: An open bite can be successfully corrected with Invisalign, particularly when administered by a professional. This treatment is suitable for both teenagers and adults with open bites and other orthodontic issues.
  • Jaw Surgery: For severe cases of open bite, jaw surgery may be required. It is important to consult an orthodontist who works closely with a maxillofacial surgeon.
  • Retainers: These are used to protect teeth following orthodontic treatment with braces or Invisalign. Your orthodontist will provide you with a set of retainers to help prevent relapse and maintain your new smile. Therefore, it is crucial to wear them as instructed.

How prevalent are open bites?

Open bites are relatively uncommon, affecting around 0.6% of people. However, they can be effectively treated by a qualified orthodontist using braces or Invisalign.

Does fixing an open bite require surgery?

Surgery may be necessary to correct severe open bites. However, standard orthodontic treatments such as braces or Invisalign can address many open bites. A complete dental examination and X-ray will help determine the best treatment approach.

What does an open bite look like?

An open bite is a type of malocclusion, or bad bite, where the upper and lower teeth do not meet when the mouth is closed, creating a noticeable gap between the top and bottom arches. If you have a space between your upper and lower teeth, consider consulting your orthodontist for evaluation and treatment.

What treatment options are available for an open bite?

Orthodontic treatments performed by an experienced orthodontist are generally effective for correcting an open bite. Common correction methods include braces or Invisalign. For severe cases, surgery performed by an oral surgeon may be required in addition to orthodontic treatment.

Can wearing a night guard cause an open bite?

A night guard, also known as a nighttime mouthguard, is worn to prevent jaw clenching or teeth grinding during sleep. Occasionally, a night guard can cause teeth to shift over time, potentially leading to an open bite. If you use a night guard and are concerned about tooth movement, consult an orthodontist.

Does an open bite worsen over time?

Yes, an open bite can worsen over time. It is essential to see an orthodontist for treatment to prevent gum and teeth damage and to alleviate pain when chewing, biting, or swallowing. Early treatment of open bites in children, particularly from the age of 7, can provide long-lasting and effective outcomes.

Can an open bite self-correct?

No, an open bite will not correct itself and may worsen over time, potentially requiring more invasive correction methods. Discuss effective long-term treatment options with a professional orthodontist, which in most cases can include braces or Invisalign.

Can thumb-sucking lead to an open bite?

Yes, thumb-sucking is a common cause of open bites, along with other behaviours like tongue thrusting or improper swallowing patterns that gradually push teeth out of alignment.

Can lisping result from an open bite?

Yes, an open bite can lead to speech difficulties such as lisping. If the upper and lower teeth do not close properly, it can affect articulation and make speaking more challenging.

Can you correct open bites in adults?

Yes, open bites in adults can be corrected by a professional orthodontist. Treatment can be more complex and may include jaw surgery in severe cases. However, less severe open bites can often be managed with Invisalign aligners or braces.