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Overbite

An overbite is a vertical misalignment of the teeth, occurring when the upper teeth unusually overlap the lower teeth. If left untreated, an overbite can lead to various oral health problems, such as jaw pain, gum disease, and tooth erosion. Treatment for this condition ranges from orthodontics to oral surgery.

By Able Health I Medically reviewed by Dr. Alireza Estedlal

Page last reviewed: February 2024 I Next review due: February 2026

What is an overbite?

An overbite is a form of malocclusion (also known as a “bad bite”) that occurs when the upper teeth excessively overlap the lower teeth. A slight overbite is normal and even essential for proper oral function and health. However, if the top teeth overlap the lower ones by more than 2 to 4 millimetres, it is considered an overbite and can lead to jaw discomfort, tooth wear, and other dental problems.

Overjet vs. Overbite

Both overjet and overbite are forms of malocclusion. Although they sound similar, they refer to different types of misalignment:

  • Overjet: A horizontal misalignment where the upper teeth project significantly past the lower front teeth. It is also referred to as ‘buck teeth.’
  • Overbite: A vertical misalignment where the top teeth overlap the bottom teeth more than usual. It is also known as a ‘deep bite.’

Symptoms

The primary symptom of an overbite is the noticeable overlap of the upper front teeth over the lower front teeth. A severe case of an overbite is more visible compared to a minor one. However, this type of malocclusion can also have other effects beyond appearance.

This condition could also contribute to:

  • Tooth erosion (excessive wear and tear on the teeth)
  • Breathing difficulties
  • Pain when chewing
  • Gum disease
  • Temporomandibular disorders (TMD)
  • Jaw pain
  • Decay
  • Speech problems

Causes

Malocclusion is sometimes hereditary, with genetic traits such as jaw shape affecting teeth alignment. Other possible causes of an overbite include:

  • Excessive nail-biting
  • Bruxism (teeth grinding)
  • Tongue thrusting (pressing the tongue excessively far forward)
  • Thumb-sucking or the use of a pacifier beyond the age of three

Complications

If not treated, an overbite may result in several complications, such as:

  • Jaw discomfort and stiffness
  • Headaches and earaches
  • Trouble chewing
  • Tooth cavities or decay
  • Gum disease
  • Neck pain

Diagnosis and Tests

How can doctors diagnose an overbite?

Typically, a dentist will first detect an overbite during a physical examination. Dental X-rays may then be used to further assess teeth alignment.

If necessary, the dentist might refer you to an orthodontist, who specialises in jaw and tooth alignment.

Management and Treatment

How is an overbite treated?

While everyone with an overbite can be treated, the type of treatment varies based on factors such as age and severity. Treatment options for children and adults also differ.

Correcting overbites in children

Since their bones are still growing, children's teeth are more easily movable. Therefore, dentists usually correct overbites in minors primarily with orthodontic treatment.

The treatment options can include:

  • Palate expanders, used during growth spurts to widen the roof of the mouth
  • Headgear to adjust jaw positioning
  • Braces to align all teeth properly
  • Extraction of primary teeth to create space for adult teeth
  • Retainers to help maintain teeth alignment after braces

Correcting overbites in adults

Adults may also benefit from orthodontic treatment, which can sometimes be the only remedy required. However, for severe overbite cases, corrective jaw surgery in conjunction with braces may be necessary.

Treatment options for overbites in adults can include:

  • Clear or traditional braces to align the teeth into their proper positions
  • Tooth removal to create more space for remaining teeth
  • Orthognathic surgery, a corrective jaw surgery to enhance alignment
  • Retainers to help prevent teeth movement following braces treatment

Prevention

Is an overbite preventable?

An overbite can sometimes run in families, making it difficult to prevent. However, you can take some measures to minimise the risk of your child developing an overbite during their early years. These measures include:

  • Avoiding traditional sippy cupsAccording to the American Dental Association (ADA), using sippy cups with spill-proof valves can lead to dental growth problems. These cups require sucking, which can lead to malocclusion if used for extended periods. Instead, opt for a 360-degree rotating sippy cup that prevents spills and allows sipping from the side like a regular adult cup.
  • Monitoring thumb-sucking and pacifier use: While it’s normal for young children to use these for self-soothing, these behaviours can negatively affect oral growth as children age. Consider discouraging these habits by age three. You can also seek advice from your child’s paediatrician or dentist on effective methods to achieve this.
  • Scheduling regular dental visits: Start taking your child to the dentist by age one or when their first tooth erupts. Early visits help detect and address any potential dental health problems.

Outlook / Prognosis

What should you expect if you have an overbite?

Generally, what you can expect depends on your treatment goals. Make an appointment with your orthodontist or dentist if you have an overbite and are considering treatment. They can evaluate the severity of the condition and determine if treatment is required.

However, if you choose not to undergo treatment, you can take these steps to manage and minimise the risk of complications:

  • Practising proper oral hygiene
  • Using a night guard if you grind your teeth or thrust your tongue during sleep
  • Regularly visiting your dentist for check-ups
  • Wearing a mouth guard during contact sports

Living With

When should I visit my dentist if I have an overbite?

It’s important to visit your dentist at least every six months or as recommended. These appointments allow the dentist to monitor your oral health and suggest treatment if your overbite affects the function and well-being of your teeth.

Remember to inform your dentist if you develop new symptoms (such as infection, pain, or tooth movement) between check-ups. Such issues should not be ignored until the next scheduled appointment.

A Note from MD.co.uk

An overbite may sometimes go unnoticed unless it is severe (with the upper teeth excessively overlapping the lower ones). Not all cases of an overbite require treatment. However, if your dentist mentions this term, ask how it could impact your dental health. Addressing the problem early rather than later can help prevent or minimise the risk of future complications.