Teeth Sensitivity

What is Teeth Sensitivity?

Teeth sensitivity often occurs when the dentin (the inner tooth layer) is exposed. This may be caused by wear and tear (erosion) or gum recession, where the gum tissue recedes from the teeth and exposes the roots.

The tooth root, which is not protected by hard enamel, contains thousands of tiny tubules that lead directly to the pulp (the centre of the tooth). These channels, known as dentinal tubules, allow stimuli such as cold, hot, or sugary foods to reach the tooth’s nerve, causing discomfort.

Sensitivity may also be a sign of other dental issues, such as gum disease, cavities, or a broken tooth.

Causes

What are the possible causes of sudden teeth sensitivity?

Several factors can contribute to sudden tooth sensitivity, including:

• Brushing too hard: Using a hard-bristled toothbrush or brushing aggressively can wear away enamel over time, exposing dentin and causing gum recession, where gum tissue pulls away from the teeth.
• Gum recession: Some individuals are genetically predisposed to thin gums, while others develop gum recession due to periodontal disease, which exposes the tooth roots.
• Gum disease: Sore or inflamed gum tissue can lead to sensitivity due to the loss of ligaments supporting the teeth, exposing the root surface and leading directly to the tooth nerve.
• Cracked teeth: Chipped or cracked teeth allow bacteria from plaque to infiltrate the pulp, causing inflammation.
• Teeth grinding: Clenching or grinding teeth can wear down enamel, exposing the underlying dentin.
• Teeth whitening products: Whitening products are a common cause of teeth sensitivity. Consult a dentist before using any whitening remedies, especially if you have sensitive teeth.
• Age: Sensitivity tends to peak among individuals aged 25 to 30.
• Plaque build-up: Accumulation of plaque on the root surfaces of teeth can contribute to sensitivity.
• Mouthwash use: Some over-the-counter mouthwashes contain acids that exacerbate sensitivity in individuals with exposed dentin. These acids can cause further damage to the inner tooth layer. Consult your dentist for neutral fluoride mouthwash recommendations if you have dentin sensitivity.
• Acidic foods: Frequently consuming acidic foods such as citrus fruits, pickles, tomatoes, and tea can erode enamel over time.
• Recent dental procedures: You may experience sensitivity after dental work such as teeth cleanings, fillings, or restoration placement. Sensitivity from dental procedures is usually temporary and resolves within 4 to 6 weeks.

Does a Sensitive Tooth Indicate Infection?

Not necessarily. Teeth sensitivity can result from gum recession or wear and tear. However, it may also indicate an infected or broken tooth. Tooth pain caused by infection can feel dull, sharp, or throbbing.

If your sensitivity is severe and persistent, it’s advisable to contact a dentist for further evaluation.

Care and Treatment

Can tooth sensitivity go away?

Yes, teeth sensitivity can sometimes resolve on its own, especially if it is caused by recent dental work such as a root canal or filling. However, if your sensitivity persists, it’s important to see a dentist. Persistent sensitivity may be due to exposed roots or eroded enamel, which may require treatment.

How can you stop teeth sensitivity pain?

Treatment for teeth sensitivity depends on the underlying cause. If you experience persistent sensitivity, consult a dentist for a proper evaluation. Your dentist will rule out any serious issues and recommend the best course of action.

To minimise the risk of sensitivity from everyday wear and tear, consider the following:

• Use desensitising toothpaste: Several brands produce toothpaste specifically designed for sensitive teeth. Continuous use can help lessen sensitivity, although it may take time to find the right brand for you. You can also apply a small amount of toothpaste directly to exposed roots with a cotton swab or your finger before bedtime. Ensure the toothpaste contains fluoride.
• Maintain proper oral hygiene: Brush and floss thoroughly, following recommended techniques to keep your teeth and gums healthy.
• Use a soft-bristled toothbrush: A soft-bristled brush can reduce tooth surface abrasion and prevent gum irritation.
• Watch your diet: Regularly consuming acidic foods can erode enamel, leading to dentin exposure. These foods may also worsen sensitivity and trigger discomfort.
• Use fluoride products: Regularly using a fluoride mouth rinse can help reduce teeth sensitivity. Consult your dentist for recommendations on fluoride products for home use.
• Avoid teeth grinding: If you clench or grind your teeth, especially during sleep, consider using a mouth guard to prevent further damage to your enamel.
• Visit your dentist regularly: Schedule professional cleanings, examinations, and fluoride treatments to keep your teeth in good condition and monitor any signs of sensitivity.

If the pain persists, talk to your dentist. Treatments they may recommend to alleviate sensitivity include:

• Dental bonding: To cover and protect exposed roots.
• Application of fluoride varnish: To strengthen the exposed root surface and reduce sensitivity.
• Dentin sealers: These can be applied to cover exposed roots and prevent discomfort.

When to See a Dentist

When should you visit a dentist about sensitive teeth?

It’s important to see a dentist if you experience sensitivity to heat, cold, or sweets. Persistent sensitivity could be a sign of an underlying dental issue that needs attention.

What questions should you ask your dentist?

• What is causing my teeth sensitivity?
• Do I need treatment for my teeth sensitivity?
• Are there preventive measures I can take to avoid future sensitivity?
• Which over-the-counter remedies do you recommend for sensitive teeth?
• How often should I have my teeth cleaned?

A Note from MD.co.uk

There are many factors that can contribute to teeth sensitivity, including exposed roots, eroded enamel, cracks, cavities, and recent dental procedures. Treatment depends on the underlying cause. Mild sensitivity can often be managed with desensitising toothpaste and good oral care, while more severe sensitivity from conditions such as cavities, gum recession, or broken teeth may require professional treatment. Your dentist can help identify the cause of your sensitivity and suggest an appropriate course of action.