Toothache

What is a Toothache?

A toothache is any discomfort occurring in or around a tooth. Mild toothaches can result from temporary gum inflammation, which may be treatable at home. However, more severe tooth pain is often caused by infections, cavities, and other dental problems that won’t improve without treatment.

If the pain is intense and accompanied by fever or chills, you may be experiencing a dental emergency. In such cases, contact a dentist or visit the nearest A&E as soon as possible. In rare cases, an infection in the mouth can spread to other parts of the body, such as the bloodstream or brain.

Types of Toothaches

Tooth pain can manifest in different forms depending on its cause. The symptoms of toothaches may vary, but common signs include:

• Persistent, dull ache
• Sharp, stabbing pain
• Throbbing tooth discomfort
• Tooth sensitivity
• Gum swelling
• Headaches
• Fever
• Chills
• Bad breath or a foul taste in the mouth

Causes

What are the causes of a toothache?

There are several reasons you might experience tooth pain. Possible causes include:

• Abscessed tooth
• Cavities
• Cracked tooth
• Damaged dental work (such as fillings or crowns)
• Gum disease
• Teeth clenching or grinding (bruxism)

How Long Does a Toothache Last?

It’s difficult to determine how long a toothache will last, as it depends on the underlying cause. Temporary gum irritation usually subsides within one or two days. However, pain associated with an abscess or cavity may come and go but will not disappear without proper treatment.

Management and Treatment

How do dentists address toothaches?

When treating a toothache, the dentist will conduct an examination and ask about your symptoms. They may also recommend a dental X-ray to identify any underlying problems beneath the gums.

There are various treatments available for toothaches, and the appropriate option depends on the severity of the issue. Treatments include:

• Toothache medication
  Painkillers and antibiotics can help relieve the symptoms of a toothache, but their effects are usually temporary. Even if the infection clears up with antibiotics, the problem will likely return unless the underlying cause is addressed. While waiting for your dental appointment, over-the-counter painkillers such as paracetamol or ibuprofen can help alleviate discomfort.
• Dental fillings
  For small cavities or minor tooth chips, a dentist may recommend a dental filling. This procedure involves removing any damaged parts of the tooth and filling the space with a durable material.
• Dental crowns
  If the tooth fracture or cavity is larger, a dental crown may be required. A crown is a tooth-shaped "cap" that covers the entire tooth to protect it and reduce the risk of further damage.
• Inlays or onlays
  If the cavity or fracture is too large for a filling but not big enough for a crown, the dentist may suggest an inlay or onlay. These custom ceramic restorations fit into the affected tooth like a small jigsaw piece.
• Root canal therapy
  If bacteria from a cavity or fracture have reached the pulp of the tooth, a root canal may be necessary. This involves removing the inflamed or infected nerve, connective tissue, and blood vessels from inside the tooth. The inner tooth is then cleaned, and the root canals and pulp chamber are filled with a filling material. Often, a crown is placed to protect and strengthen the tooth.
• Tooth extraction
  Dentists aim to preserve natural teeth whenever possible, but extraction may be required if the damage is too extensive. The procedure involves carefully removing the tooth from its socket and cleaning out any infection. If a tooth is removed, discuss replacement options with your dentist. These may include a dental implant or bridge, and sometimes a temporary replacement tooth can be provided until the permanent one is ready.

Home Remedies

What are the home remedies for toothaches?

Home remedies can help alleviate mild toothache pain. However, if the pain persists, you should visit a dentist for professional treatment. Here are some remedies you can try at home:

• Saltwater rinse
  Salt acts as a natural disinfectant. A warm saltwater rinse can reduce inflammation, ease toothache, and promote healing. Dissolve 1/2 teaspoon of salt in eight ounces of warm water, swirl it around your mouth for 30 seconds, and then spit it out.
• Hydrogen peroxide rinse
  A hydrogen peroxide rinse can help reduce inflammation and pain, especially if you have bleeding gums. Dilute the hydrogen peroxide with an equal amount of water before swishing it in your mouth and spitting it out. Do not swallow the solution.
• Ice packs
  Applying an ice pack to the affected area can constrict blood vessels, reducing pain and swelling. Wrap ice or frozen vegetables in a towel and hold it against your jaw for 20 minutes. Repeat this several times throughout the day.

Prevention

Are toothaches preventable?

Toothaches aren’t always preventable, as they sometimes result from factors beyond your control. However, these measures can help reduce the risk of toothaches:

• Brushing teeth twice or thrice daily with a soft-bristled toothbrush and fluoride toothpaste.
• Flossing between teeth daily.
• Using an antibacterial mouthwash twice a day.
• Limiting consumption of sugary foods and drinks.
• Visiting your dentist regularly for check-ups and cleanings.
• Asking your dentist about fluoride treatments and sealants.

Living With

When should I contact a dentist?

You should see a dentist if you experience:

• A toothache lasting more than two days.
• Swelling in your jaw or face.
• Pain when opening your mouth wide.

When should I visit A&E for tooth pain?

You should visit A&E if you have:

• Swelling beneath your eye or a bump on your jaw.
• Severe tooth pain that doesn’t improve with medication.
• Persistent bleeding despite applying pressure.
• A fever over 38.3°C (101°F).

Additional Common Questions

Can a toothache resolve on its own?

In some cases, a toothache can resolve itself, such as when mild gum irritation occurs after biting something hard. However, tooth pain originating from within the tooth often requires treatment, as it may indicate an underlying issue. If the pain comes and goes or persists, consult a dentist to prevent the problem from worsening.

How can you identify the type of tooth pain?

You can’t always be certain of the cause until a dentist examines the issue, but in general:

• A dull, persistent ache may indicate an infection or teeth grinding.
• Sharp, stabbing pain could be a sign of a cavity, fracture, or a problem with an existing crown or filling.
• Intense, throbbing pain might suggest an infection that has reached the tooth pulp.
• Sensitivity to hot or cold may indicate cracks, cavities, or gum disease. If the pain subsides quickly, it may signal worn enamel.

A Note from MD.co.uk

Toothaches can range from a minor nuisance to severe pain that affects daily life. Usually, tooth pain is a warning sign of an underlying issue. If your toothache lasts for more than one or two days, it’s important to contact a dentist. They will diagnose the problem and recommend appropriate treatment to relieve your pain.